Barring random news items and a few opinion pieces, the
Hijab debate has never really been part of the national narrative of Pakistan.
Those who wanted to wear hijab/niqab/burqa wore it and those who preferred the
traditional shalwar kameez duppatta chose that without any problem. Unlike
Saudi Arabia, Iran or Turkey, there never was governmental coercion or pressure
on women to go for particular type clothing or to ban a particular type of
clothing in state institutions. A woman’s clothing was her own business as it
should be anywhere in the world. However, things are changing and with the
celebration of World Hijab Day which had tacit approval of the government and
the patronage of the first lady Nusrat Pervaiz Ashraf who presided over the Hijab Conference organized
by Jamaat-i-Islami, things are moving in the direction where state is turning
partisan.
The first lady of Pakistan, during the aforementioned
conference supported Muslim
women to wear a hijab, saying that women could do what they
wanted as long as they respect the “limits set by Islam”.
The first lady’s speech encourages women to follow the 'limits'
set by Islam, but no one can agree on what it entails; one school of thought
believes that there should be no hindrance to anyone’s education – including women
– while the other believes that women should only be allowed access to
education if there are segregated educational institutions for them, right up
to the higher education. Another school of thought believes that women need no
access to higher education as their true calling lies in maintaining a
household and raising children. If the speech of the first lady is carefully
viewed, she perhaps supports the third version of ‘limits set by Islam’. In her speech, the first lady urged women to
strengthen the ‘family unit’, which she said was central to Islamic teachings. As
if this was not all, she also regretted that "Pakistani women were starting to
forget how important family and hijab were."
For starters, there is no direct relationship between a
woman’s hijab and her care giving responsibilities towards her family.
Secondly, Pakistani women have not forgotten how important family is for them. If
anything, family interferes with their performance at work because of the
overwhelming demands of their families on their time. Thirdly, positioning hijab
with better motherhood and more fulfilled family life puts the women who do not
wear hijab but are just as, if not more, concerned about their families, in an
uncomfortable situation in a homogenous society like ours. If such views
gain official state patronage, it can and will act against the women who do not
abide by this particular view.
The first lady ended her speech by calling Fatima Jinnah and
Benazir Bhutto “role models” for Pakistani women. However, she failed to point
out that neither Benazir Bhutto, nor Fatima Jinnah followed those particular
limits she so favoured in her speech. Both Ms. Bhutto and Ms. Jinnah were
highly educated women who studied with men; they did not limit themselves to
raising children or their families and had highly visible political careers. Ms
Jinnah was so dedicated to her political career that she did not even marry and
have a family of her own and Ms Bhutto was back in her office a fortnight after
giving birth to her second child. Last but not the least, neither wore a hijab
but favoured the traditional Pakistani dupatta.
There are many issues that plague Pakistani women that can
do with the attention of the first lady; it would be advisable if she focuses
on them instead of the hijab/duppata debate.
First published in The Express Tribune
PS: The comments that are posted on the Express Tribune website are priceless, there are at least two which basically say that hijab is NOT a choice. Pretty interesting, eh?
